Extraordinary room to try some of the top leaders while Democratic Kampuchea Regime; a regime that is accused of killing millions of Cambodian innocent lives, is in the process. This is probably the most heated topic from the government convention up to the normal public. However, a prevailing fact that would dim "the justice prospect" for Cambodian citizen is that a huge number of the citizen do not even know the basic biography of those most responsible; Democratic Kampuchea leaders to face trial, constituted of Cambodian and international judges.
Mr. Khieu Samphan, one of the foremost leaders of many other Democratic Kampuchea leaders is due to face the foregoing breathtaking chamber; however, a huge number of Cambodian people, old and young, do not even have even a basic knowledge pertaining this man: This is the fact that I hypothesize that Cambodian anticipation to justice is apparently faint. The entire contents of the following compiled essay will unveil Khieu Samphan's on-the-surface biographical details.
News From Cambodia
I. Childhood
Mr. Khieu Samphan who is determined as brother number five, after Saloth Sar (Pol Pot), Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary and Ta Mok, is believed to be born July 27, 1931 in Svay Rieg province. He is the oldest son in the family. His father was a local judge. After a compulsory schooling in his hometown, Khieu Samphan pursued his schooling to Sisowat High School in Phnom Penh. while his time, Sisowat or Preah Sisowat High School was believed to be the top high school in Cambodia. Only the uptown-class or outstanding students would attend this educational institution.
Khieu Samphan's childhood is not dramatically known, and until now, resources about his childhood are still inadequate and even unreliable. But he became best noted after winning the government scholarship to study in the University of Paris in Paris city, France.
Since his childhood, Mr. Khieu Samphan was believed to be a "serious and good-natured" man, up to being entitled: A clean man. Because of these outstanding personalities, he was granted with government scholarship to pursue his studies in Paris, France, up to achieving physician of Economics. It was from here, the University of Paris, that Max Lenin ideologies have been inserted into Cambodian intellectuals who latter became leader of Democratic Kampuchea. History has told that the universities in Paris have created most of the Cambodian intellectuals.
Pursuant to American sources, Mr. Khieu Samphan was reported to be one of the most outstanding students among his generation. Other astoundingly outstanding students in Khieu Samphan's generation including Hou Yun who mastered Economics and Law. Mr. Hou Yun (born 1930) was classified as the astoundingly corporal and intellectual person and another genius was Mr. Son Sen who red schooling and literature.
Ii. Studies in Paris and Doctoral Thesis
Mr. Khieu Samphan granted his Doctoral Degree in Economics from the University of Paris, a world-wide recognized university in humanity and materialistic and ideological invention.
Khieu Samphan who was one of the pivotal members of Khmer learner association in Paris superior a doctoral thesis, entitled: "Cambodia's cheaper and industrial Development" and successfully defended this thesis. His Doctoral Degree in Economics was granted while the 1950s.
It can be brief that his doctoral thesis sided with national self-reliance. From deeper analysis into his doctoral thesis, more personalities of Khieu Samphan would be more understandable. Khieu Samphan accused the rich countries that have developed industrialization are the factors to make the poor countries poorer. The core of hi doctoral thesis, was that he supported "dependency theory." So what is dependency theory?
Dependency law is the body of collective science theories by assorted intellectuals, both from the Third World and the First World, that originate a worldview which suggests that the wealthy nations of the world need a peripheral group of poorer states in order to remain wealthy.
Dependency law states that the poverty of the countries in the periphery is not because they are not integrated into the world system, or not 'fully' integrated as is often argued by free market economists, but because of how they are integrated into the system.
The premises of dependency law are:
-Poor nations provide natural resources, cheap labor, a destination for obsolete technology, and markets to the wealthy nations, without which they could not have the acceptable of living they enjoy.
-First World nations actively, but not necessarily consciously, perpetuate a state of dependency through assorted policies and initiatives. This state of dependency is multifaceted, fascinating economics, media control, politics, banking and finance, education, sport and all aspects of human resource development.
-Any endeavor by the dependent nations to resist the influences of dependency will supervene in economic sanctions and/or soldiery invasion and control.
The doctoral thesis herein is believed to be strictly adopted into political management of Democratic Kampuchea. Not only the Khieu Samphan's doctoral thesis, Hou Yun's doctoral thesis entitled: Cambodian peasants and their prospects for modernization, is also believed to have great work on on normal policy of Democratic Kampuchea (Dk).
Though these two doctoral thesis became the perils of Democratic Kampuchea's political administration, these two citizen are yet to be accused of being the mastermind of the sins committed while Dk's reign. Yes, would mean their doctoral thesis intended to extinguish million of Cambodian lives and No, would mean the head of the Democratic Kampuchea may exaggerate the contents of the thesis or scapegoat the two intellectuals.
Because the intellectuality of Cambodian citizen who graduated from universities in Paris while the 1950s, Cambodia was praised as the first communist country that was led by intellectuals, in Asia.
Iii. Group of Khmer Students in Paris (Initiation of Political Ideology)
During the 1950s, Cambodian students who were studying in distinct universities in Paris, integrated to fabricate their own communist movement and this movement was believed to have very exiguous association with their home government. So of the returned members of this movement returned to their home countries and took up political leadership positions in Dk government, including Khieu Samphan, Pol Pot, Ieng Sary, to name just a very few. It was from this movement: Khmer learner Association, that Khieu Samphan was converted into an all-out communist. The involvement of Cambodian students who returned from universities in Paris was to set up a movement to combat against Lon Nol and Prince Norodom Sihanouk where were deemed as corrupt and egoist. Such the movement of these students was then improve to a regime, called "Democratic Kampuchea."
Iv. Political Life
Khieu Samphan arrived back in Cambodia in 1959, with a doctoral degree in Economics from the University of Paris. Immediately after his coming in Cambodia, he took up a position in the Faculty of Law in Phnom Penh; simultaneously, fabricate a French-language journal entitled, L'observateur. This journal strongly sided with the leftist. The purpose if this journal was to best the collective justice and other field of humanity in Cambodia while that time. But this never resisted him from commitment to Cambodian collective justice. It was from this journal that Khieu Samphan won great popularity from the public, especially the students. However, this journal did not survive long; it was finished just after one year, Khieu Samphan was arrested and undressed in the collective by Prince Norodom Sihanouk.
After the coupe in 1970, Prince Norodom Sihanouk collaborated with other Khmer communists, including his previous enemy: Khieu Samphan, to resist against Lon Nol government. In this coalition government, Khieu Samphan was nominated as the Deputy Prime Minister, Minster of National Defense and the Commander-in-Chief of the Coalition Government. It was from these political events that Khieu Samphan climbed to the top positions within the Democratic Kampuchea regime.
His political life while the Democratic Kampuchea era (1975-1978) was hard to unveil, due to the fact that confidentiality and secrecy were the leadership strategies of the Dk leaders.
Khieu Samphan is now living in his last soldiery stronghold: Pailin Municipality, the province in the most west of Cambodia, bordered with Thailand.
V. Students Talk Trial with Ex-Kr Leaders in Pailin
Extracted from The Cambodia Daily, Friday, August 26, 2005
A group of university students canvassing villages to show the way interviews about the Khmer Rouge regime and distribute facts about the long-awaited tribunal ended up in unlikely conversations with previous Khmer Rogue leaders Khieu Samphan and Nuon Chea in their Pailin Municipality homes last week.
Graduate learner and Documentation town of Cambodia intern Huy Vannak organized the group for a planned distribution of the documents in Pailin. And despite their apprehensions at bringing Khmer Rogue tribunal literature to the foremost previous rebel stronghold, the group decided to seek out the aging communist leaders' at their homes.
"I view because of safety and cooperation we should not go to the Khmer Rouge stronghold," Huy Vanak said Thursday. "I told myself we should not fear the Khmer Rogue. while the Khmer Rouge regime they tried to frighten my mother, to frighten everybody.... I have learned a lot. Khmer rouge are not tigers. They are human beings."
The group went to Khieu Samphan's house near the eastern side of central Pailin, but were initially rejected despite a gentle "chum reap sour" and assurances that they were students, not journalists.
Khieu Samphan, previous Democratic Kampuchea head of state, ultimately acquiesced and asked them to return later in the afternoon.
Next, the students went to find Brother No 2 Nuon Chea, who lives about 300 meters from the Thai border in Brother No 3 Ieng Sary's son-in-law's house, surrounded by his children and grandchildren.
"[Nuon Chea's] wife asked us 'who are you, and where do you come from?"" Huy Vannak said. "We told her we are students and we ant to learn about Pailin. She said, 'grandfather is sleeping, but it's ok, you can talk to him.""
Nuon Chea emphasized religion in their talk, and denied that religion had been suppressed under the Khmer Rouge.
He maintained that citizen were just busy building the country and so could not give alms, so monks were forced to feed themselves.
"I think Mr. Nuon Chea is open-minded, but when he answers it's not so good," said group member Ean Sopheap. "When I asked him questions, he looked at other citizen when he answered."
"I never thinkable, that I could meet a Khmer Rouge leader," Ean Sophea added. "I was born in 1980."
The students returned to Khieu Samphan's home in the evening. "I feel that Khieu
Samphan is a trustworthy and gentle man. He is an intellectual from what I know," said another member of the group, 22-year-old learner Chheng Koemseng. "My parents used to tell me that Pol Pot's men were very cruel, but when I met them face-to-face. I felt they are just old men, like my grandfather."
However, Huy vanak was less than sympathetic. "The two guys told us only a small part of the history. We need more answers from them. Why did they give citizen less food? Why did they evacuate people? Why did they kill people? They said they did not know about the killing. How could they not know?"
The students discussed the tribunal very exiguous with the aging Khmer Rouge leaders, but Khieu Samphan didn't seem worried.
"Khieu Samphan said if they have a tribunal citizen will not be happy, because he is an honest guy and has devoted all things to the country, and citizen would not be happy with the court's decision," Huy Vannak said.
"I practically told him citizen would [still not be] happy if the court cut him into two million pieces."
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