Current Cambodia's Prevalent Diarrheas and My Simplified Resolutions

Unemployment

Unemployment has now become one of the basal drawbacks for Cambodia's existing plight. As one of the university students, I have all the time been greatly discouraged by the unemployment rate in Cambodia. Will my time-consuming endeavour produce cost-effective output? Is my instruction an empty promise? Would I be a "should-be" productive member of the society? These rhetorics have all the time subtracted most of the Cambodian students from acting as full citizens (power of the state).

News From Cambodia

From being a honourable empire that produced architectural masterpieces of the Angkor era, Cambodia now is one of the most tender or probably the tenderest tigers in Southeast Asia. Undp reported that in 2002, imports of goods and services accounted for 67% of Cambodia's Gdp and gross domestic product (Gdp) accounted for only Us$ 4,215 million in 2003 (Asean).

Subsequent to Cambodia's open-sky policy, international cooperation and assistances have been apparently and continuously flowed in, and much more have been promised. Cambodia's population is much smaller compared to most of other regional countries. In addition, rivers, lacks, and forests and other secret resources promise plentiful stocks of at least the nation's basis needs. Cultural assets, such as Angkor Wat, Preh Vihear temple and other existing and secret natural assets have attracted influx of local and international tourists. Yet, unemployment is one of Cambodia's gravest crises. The world is man-made; this means unemployment is man-made either, so in what ways can the unemployment be unmade?

1. Eliminate imperceptible But Deep-rooted Demons

Cambodia has never applied the procedure that super-markets can open from what time to what time, from which day to which day, and small store doesn't have to apply the correct rules regulated by the government, yet World Bank Group reports that in 2002, foreign direct venture accounted for only Usd 53,8 millions. What make Cambodia an unattractive venture destination? World Bank Group releases an additional one report that "allegation of corruption is widespread" in Cambodia.

Cambodia needs to build good trust for impending investors, by elimination corruption, bureaucracy, amending complicated commercial regulations that are incentives to corruption. But how can these vocations be executed? From an outset, government should internationally or regionally standardize the law on investment. Episode Iii, report 7 which stats that "The Council for the improvement of Cambodia shall provide a response as to its decision to all investor/applicants within a period not to exceed 45 days following the date of submission of the faultless venture application." 45 days is too long compared to other countries in the region and in other parts of the world, so government needs to shorten this imposed date. Besides this, government should not restrict venture incentives to only in nine fields: Pioneer and/or high technology industries; Job creation; Export-oriented businesses; Tourism industry; Agro-industry and Value-adding industries; bodily infrastructure and energy; Provincial and rural development; Environmental protection; and Investments in a special Promotion Zone (Spz) as states in Episode V, report 12 of the law on investment. Encouragement restriction to just some kinds of job would condense the job diversities.

Because of job-condense, most of the students select the fields of their studies, not in accordance to their interests or innate talents, but in accordance to the market. Market-based decision has demanded many students to study two universities at the same time. This has greatly affected the qualities of instruction and is one of the basal causes of unemployment. In my The Advantages of Serious Stance that was published in The Rasmey Kampuchea Daily, No. 3556, Thursday, 23rd December 2004, I strived to illustrate the present and future advantages of serious stance, by referring to some philosophers that held serious stances, such as Socrates and The Buddha: These two population could become history conquerors, because of their serious stances. Finally, I claimed that "job is not the only objective of study, but self-actualization would be the solid objective." I chose law as my major in the university, and many disagreements have been whole from my parents, friends and other relatives, because they think that the job anticipation for law graduate is very faint in Cambodia. My self-expression straight through the local newspaper has urged I, myself to untiringly hold law as my only major until today.

Government should apply the free-market principles of "customer is the king." The world is absorbing very fast and we have to serve the customer as fast as they desire. Not only the law on investment, other laws connected to commerce, trade and venture must be regionally and internationally standardized. complicated law would lead to legal corruption and under-the-table corruptions, which mean much more money is needed to be paid by the customers for nothing.

Secondly, there should be surely cut off commercial court. Cambodia has only one court to deal with every kind of case: commercial, civil and criminal. This proves weakness and ineffectiveness of law enforcement and disagreement settlement. How can a person have every skill? Furthermore, this single-minded court must be surely cut off from legislative and especially administrative institution, so that justice could become for apparent for our customers.

Recently, I have written a text named "Government-ness" and was published in The Kampuchea Thmey Daily, year No. 4, No. 690, Wednesday 23 March 2005." One of the Answers to Why Cambodia Has Sluggish Development" was uploaded in http://www.talesofasia.com/rs-67-development.htm. an additional one text is called "A perceive into uncivilized action" was uploaded in http://talesofasia.com/rs-66-uncivilized.htm. In the first text, I explained that "creating justice" should be the first priority of the government. In the second text, I touched the ground of disjunction of multimedia power from administrative power, which is one of the elements of liberal democracy. In the third text, I enquired into the rule of law would be an instrument of disagreement resolution, by drawing examples from family context and increasingly from the society. I also took a perceive into Cambodia's tragic past, that conflict-maker never applied philosophical mechanism to solve the conflict, but disagreement was to be solved by the law of the jungle. Cambodia's bygone and up-to-date past should be invaluable lessons for today and tomorrow Cambodia for the purpose of betterment. Revenge is never been overcome by revenge.

These social participations have immensely changed my life. They have then been incentives to my scholarship and research resistance and I was contacted by an Australian lawyer, Peter Howitt. Peter has now become my friend and professor, and we discuss about Cambodian laws. Peter has all the time encouraged me to learn, sent me documents to read, and taught me more law-related issues. I believe my exposures to these social participations must have been heard into the social ears, and would be some kinds of role model to value and encourage the right to self-expression.

2. instruction To produce The surely Educated

Not only ultimate shortage in venture that has produced unemployment rate in Cambodia, but "to few jobs for too few experts is an additional one legitimacy to high unemployment rate." What do I mean by too few jobs for too few experts? Cambodia's instruction is unrecognized in the international stage and even in the region. Though Episode Vii, report 18, provides that "Investors shall be allowed to hire foreign employees when the qualification and expertise of these foreign employees are not ready in the Kingdom of Cambodia among the Cambodian populace." Cambodian citizens, still, mostly can't stand chances to those positions, because of the lack of intellectual competitions. So what should be done to make Cambodia's instruction resurgent? I would suggest two potentials for this objective.

Firstly, government should allocate proportional subsidy, subtracted from the national wage for higher instruction institution. In the Rectangular procedure of the third mandate of The Royal Government of Cambodia, subsidy for the field of higher instruction is not mentioned at all. This means that higher-education custom has to be totally responsible for everything. Higher instruction is one of the most productive institutions of every nation in the world, responsible for producing the productive and productive members of the society, so potential and standardized measures are needed to be taken to bring such the power into reality. For me, without subsidy, higher-learning custom would by all means; of course be converted into "business establishment", which mean profit-oriented. Profit-oriented mentality will immensely sway the potential of Cambodia's field of higher education.

Secondly, government and higher-education custom itself should apply what I call "the university-ness." In an additional one of my letters entitled "Free-Market and Cambodia's Higher-Education" to The Kampuchea Thmey Daily, I criticized most of the Cambodian universities and institutes of not daring to apply the correct disciplines primary for students' capacities. Most of the universities and institutes apply the principles of "customer is the king", but higher-learning shall not be business. I also complained that establish and university have distinct status and criteria, but most of the institutes have changed their titles from institutes to universities without applying the standardized status and criteria." Though Cambodia has no law and order to regulate the field of higher-learning, establish and university itself should be conversant about this, because most of the senior staff are PhD or master's graduate from the worldly predominant universities" I added. This is an additional one of my exposures to social participation, that is a motivation to ask for endless comprehension into what I call "university-ness" and, of course, I adopted my own constitution to meet the international standard, while I am a learner of an unrecognized university.

Not only I myself, this social participation has brought quite a large amount of my friends to curiosity and conversation on "university-ness" was, indeed, instigated by me.

"An ineffective domino would never produce a confident domino effect"

Sky-High Gasoline's Price

Cambodia's today (2005) gasoline costs 3,300 Riel (about Usd 80 cent) per litter, whiles my mother's plus my father's monthly wages inventory for only about Usd 50. This price is extremely high compared to Cambodia's Gdp which is about Us$ 4,3 billion (World Bank Group). Gasoline is the basic need for Cambodian populace, so it should not be high-priced at all; otherwise population can't survive. extremely high-priced gasoline would lead to other price-increase in principle goods and services, specifically food, electricity, water, transportation, condition care, and increasingly instruction (academic textbooks, way to internet, extracurricular documents and other stationery).

It is reported that gasoline in Thailand and Vietnam is much cheaper than Cambodia. Lao, on the other hand, is more titanic than Cambodia, because it has no sea. Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam all have sea and especially these three countries are neighbours, but why can't Cambodia's gasoline be as cheap as in that of Vietnam and Thailand? And in what ways can the gasoline's price be decreased to be on par to that of Thailand and Vietnam?

The clarification is clearly seen. Government should apply one of the elements of "free-market economy" which is free and fair competition. Gasoline in Cambodia is totally monopolized by Sokimex Company, chaired by Sok Kong, president of Cambodia's accommodation of commerce. Every gas company in Cambodia has to unconditionally supervene the price imposed by Sokimex Company. Monopoly is not an element of liberal democracy; it is practiced only in Socialist countries.

The qoute was to be settled, when quite a long time ago, after Prime minister Hun Sen announced for any company that could decrease the gasoline's price to about 1,700 Riel (about 47 Usd cent), a Russia-related company guaranteed that it could provide for this price, and even less than that. Every person was happy, except perhaps Mr. Sok Kong, his counterparts, and other Sokimex's stakeholders. The prime minister's response was extremely unexpected; he not only did not accept the crisis-solution (which he himself, proposed), but also threw malicious metaphor to the Russia-related gasoline company. This paradox showed us that the government, specifically the prime minister himself was not responsible for what he spoke, and did not willingly intends to solve the people's qoute at all. Sok Kong, as claimed by a huge amount of people, has close relationship with the prime minister. And a large amount of the prime minister's relatives are owners of the gasoline associates and stations. So, if he allowed the Russia-related company to operate in Cambodia, his fellowmen and relatives would have been badly hurt. The prime minister is seen, by this hypothesis, place his personal schedule in prior to the social agenda. So how can this be solved?

In my research paper, entitled "Plato; Life and Wisdoms" for the Third Cambodia's National Nou Hach Contest (2004-2005), I took a deep ground into Plato's political philosophy, in order to express that who should be the ruler and what the ruler's obligations are. My most leading point was to express that ruling is an awe-inspiring vocation, so not Every person can reach the ruling position. The ruler must have, if not surely philosophical, but at least some kind of philosophical mentalities, that's why careful and protracted philosophical and scientific enculturation is need to be executed before becoming the ruler. Ruler must have mature mind, they must not be self-indulgent, and otherwise ruler and base populace would not be able to distinguish from each other. And the most leading vocations of the ruler are the order of the state and the welfare of the people, as expressed in my research paper. I didn't mean to totally supervene Plato's political philosophy; otherwise our government would become totalitarian, but I understanding that some points he/she could perhaps follow.

On the similar ground, in my One infer Tennessee Prospers, that was published in http://pages.prodigy.net/nhn.slate/nh00073.html, I took one of the legitimacies why Tennessee, a state of The United States of America, prospers. This is an additional one of the philosophical approaches to "leader's willingness for the social good would attract the volunteerism of the inhabitants. Blend of these two merits would lead the whole state, and increasingly the whole nation into victory".

My whole research into Greece's aged doctrine and other varieties of topics have made me more conversant to what is surely politics, so that I can have some analytical knowledge to view current Cambodian politics and politicians, and, I believe, my paper would at least bring dim light to today's Cambodian leaders.

Legal Loophole and Ambiguity

Long been under the French colony, Cambodia has adopted Civil Law system. In Civil Law principles any committed wrongdoing that is not stated in the law, the committer is innocent. Moreover, the judge has no precedence like that of the base Law system; it is more likely that the transgression committer would surely be innocent. Cambodia are lacking many laws; such as, anti-domestic violence law, anti-corruption law, many business-related laws, etc. Such a loophole would make "culture of impunity" whole in Cambodia.

More ironically, though some kinds of offense are stated in the law, the remedy is not stated. This is an additional one of the Cambodia's legal loopholes that would originate injustice. For example, in report 7, paragraph 2 of Cambodia's law on venture states that "any Government officials who refuse to recap and sass to an investor's application past the above mentioned period of time (45 days), without permissible justification, shall be punished by law." Yes, we see that the wrongdoer shall be punished by law, but what kind and the level of punishment is not stated at all. This would make the wrongdoer innocent, and even difficult for the judge to inflict the punishment either. an additional one example I want to draw is from law on society and functioning of the ministry of information. Episode 2, report 11 states "press shall not release any information that would lead to social disorder, inspire one personel or many to commit violence." This report is too ambiguous. What is the information that would lead to social disorder should be clearly stated. Journalism is such a sophisticated job, so what surely social disorder is too broad. The bad-wisher could illustrate this report to hurt any personel he/she hates.

Legal loophole not only could turn the law unjust and originate cultural impunity in Cambodia, but also make the students surely difficult to have a good handle on Cambodian law. In one of my general subjects called "business law", the whole document from the starting to the end of the term, is totally taken from foreign law, namely British, French, or American company law. Would our knowledge be turn into know-how, by totally learning foreign company law in Cambodia? Indeed, the more informant we are the good we become, but knowledge of only the foreign company law without even a singular sense of my country's company law, would never be good. social order is one of or probably the forefront commitments of today's Cambodian government, legal loophole, on the other hand, has dramatically contributed to Cambodia's disorder. Two matter-of-fact approaches below intend to fill Cambodia's legal loophole and ambiguity.

1. Renaissance Is Never Too Late

Renaissance (rebirth of lost literature and culture of the western world) started in the western world in about 14th, 15th and 16th century. From that time onward, reasoning competence has taken deep root in the western mindset. Cambodia, similarly, is never too late to start "legal renaissance". More laws, intended to Cambodia's prosperity, shall start today under the third mandate of The Royal Government of Cambodia (Rgc).

My A perceive Into One Uncivilized Action, which was published in http://talesofasia.com/rs-66-uncivilized.htm, I touched a deep ground into the disadvantages of Cambodia's legal loophole and ambiguity. In the above publication, my most imperative intension was to express that absence of anti-domestic violence law would turn the offense into habit. Without the law and punishment law, nobody can punish the wrongdoer, so the offense could become habit of the uncivilized family. Yes, there is resolution, but resolution by cultural value is not effective, because cultural value has no "sense of force and punishment."

2. Be Receptive To Constructive Criticism

In my short story, entitled My Father's Last Dream for the Third Cambodia's National Nou Hach Contest (2004-2005), I coined a quote "almost every happiness in the world is initiated by the closes happiness." What do I mean by such a quote? History has told us that self-indulgence has been the deep-rooted value of most of the Cambodian leaders. This quote particularly intended to insert more value into the surrounding criticisms. Most of Cambodia-based Ngos and I have seen that it is too rare for the Cambodian government to accept the constructive criticisms from individuals or legal entities. Prime minister Hun Sen, however, has persistently protested the criticisms and proposals by saying that those Ngo express themselves to gain benefits. Yes, Cambodia has such Ngos, but we can know that which Ngo is profit-oriented and which Ngo is not profit-oriented. There must be good points and bad points from local and international Ngos, and the government does not have to accept all the annotation and proposal, just adhere to the points that intend to build the social good. But it has clearly seen that too little or none of the criticisms or proposals that the government has adhered to.

Sensitivity to annotation and I-am-always-right sentiment is one of the reasons to Cambodia idle development. Immediately after I saw these kinds of peccadillo, I wrote One of the Answers to Why Cambodia Has Sluggish improvement and was uploaded in http://www.talesofasia.com/rs-67-development.htm. In this essay, I took a surface-grasp into Cambodia's multimedia extremism; fully pro-government or fully anti-government and I also criticized the imbalanced voice of the political parties. One party never listens to an additional one party, especially in the middle of Sam Rainsy Party (opposition party) and Cambodian People's Party (governing party).

For the similar purpose, in my One Point That The Royal Government of Cambodia Should supervene America that was published in The Kampuchea Thmey Daily, year Nบ4, Nบ685, Thursday 17 March 2005, I drew one example into American politics: Democratic and Republic Party, just have distinct name, but they share the same propensity which is to bring prosperity and order for American people. So they exchange ideas and policies for the America's good. Cambodia, on the other hand, the governing party and opposition party are fully different; Sam Rainsy, opposition party leader once said: If have Hun Sen no Rainsy. This is the most leading infer to the country's upheavals.

These social involvements have brought me deeper into the world's politics and, of course, I was the one who instigated added argument on the topic with my friend Peter. And this dialogue has dragged me even added into the evolving world's affairs and politics.

Conclusion

A land of smiling population was totally demolished and substituted by a land of tear, because of brother-enemy conflicts. A forward-looking Cambodia has just been emerged in the 1990s, while most of the western world has reached its operate age. Converting itself into part of the world's society, Cambodia must face uncountable challenges, but "can-do spirit", I think, will overcome every obstacle. Yesterday Cambodia wouldn't be repentance, but it would be unschooled Episode for today and tomorrow Cambodia. We are in the middle of a new drama, and to make this drama worth-seeing, drama's directors, actors/actresses and subordinates must closely cooperate.

Current Cambodia's Prevalent Diarrheas and My Simplified Resolutions

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